二元复合驱体系中钠型蒙脱土的表面电性质

利用电势分析仪分析了石油磺酸盐及部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）对钠型蒙脱土ζ电势的影响，采用X射线衍射（XRD）测定了钠型蒙脱土于石油磺酸盐、HPAM溶液中结构的变化。结果表明，石油磺酸盐、HPAM均能使钠型蒙脱土的ζ电势变得更负，而且使钠型蒙脱土的XRD峰发生明显的变化，说明HPAM和石油磺酸盐不仅可以吸附到蒙脱土的表面，而且可以吸附到蒙脱土的层间结构中。     

温度对正负离子表面活性剂及其复配体系表面活性的影响

本文应用张力法测定了正负离子表面活性剂及其复配体系在不同温度下的表面张力，研究了各种体系的表面性质与温度的关系，并计算了在不同温度下的标准自由能变化．对不同体系的变化规律作了讨论．     

智能系统研究进展及其在石油工程中的应用

对智能系统的几个主要研究方向──专家系统、智能数据库、专家数据库系统和基于网络的多知识源系统的研究现状进行了综合论述，指出了智能系统在石油工程应用中已取得的新进展，明确提出了进一步的发展方向．主要包括：由单一问题的专家系统形成专家系统群；发展集问题求解、信息处理、科学运算为一体的异质软件集成系统；广泛应用面向对象技术；各类标准化的智能软件开发平台逐步走向实用化、商品化．     

模板剂、磷源和乙醇对模板法层状磷酸钙盐的影响

以表面活性剂为模板的介孔材料合成方法广为人们关注．以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为模板,在水性体系中制备了层状介孔磷酸钙盐．用XRD表征了合成产物的无机相组成和层状结构的有序度．考察了不同熟化时间下SDS、磷源和乙醇的影响．结果表明,SDS用量增加可以提高层状结构的有序度,磷酸铵盐特别是(NH_4)_2HPO_4为磷源、乙醇与水体积比为1：1对有序层状结构的形成最有利．     

砂岩-重烷基苯石油磺酸盐润湿性的实验研究

目的 研究石油磺酸盐对砂岩润湿性的测定方法。方法 采用Washburn方程建立了测定及计算方法。结果 通过相对润湿接触角概念的提出，得到了砂岩-重烷基苯石油磺酸盐水溶液体系润湿性的测定结果。结论 建立的砂岩．石油磺酸盐水溶液体系的润湿接触角测定方法是一简便、准确的方法。石油磺酸盐水溶液浓度的变化将对砂岩的润湿性质产生明显影响。     

石墨烯/水性聚氨酯复合涂层的制备与性能改善

采用二苯胺磺酸钠(DPS)制备石墨烯水分散液,然后与水性聚氨酯乳液物理共混,干燥后制备出石墨烯/水性聚氨酯复合涂层.结果表明:DPS能够对石墨烯起到良好的分散作用;并且随着石墨烯用量的增加,复合涂层的抗静电性、力学性能、耐高温性、耐水性和耐酸碱性得到有效提高.复合胶膜与纯水性聚氨酯胶膜相比,其表面电阻率从8.64×1012Ω降低至5.54×108Ω,拉伸强度从13.71 MPa增加至17.32 MPa,吸水率由10.33%降低至3.87%,吸酸碱溶液率分别由8.68%和9.36%降低至2.93%和3.84%,硬度提高6.29%,碳化温度提高65℃.     

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)对氧化石墨烯和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)联合胁迫的生理生化响应

为了探索碳纳米材料氧化石墨烯(GO)和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)在淡水底栖贝类体内的联合毒性效应, 以河蚬为研究对象, 考察 1 mg/L GO和500 ng/L PFOS单独及联合暴露28天后对河蚬体长、体重、滤食率、活性氧水平、抗氧化系统酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响, 并采用优化的综合生物标志物响应指数(EIBR)进行整体评估。结果表明, 暴露结束后, 河蚬的体长和体重没有明显的变化。与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比, GO和PFOS的单独暴露组及联合暴露组的滤食率均显著下降。在河蚬的鳃和内脏团中, GO和PFOS的胁迫都会引起抗氧化系统酶活性响应的显著变化, 且两器官中变化趋势一致。EIBR结果表明, 鳃和内脏团中联合暴露组的毒性比 PFOS或GO单独暴露组的毒性更强。     

磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及在三次采油中的应用研究

为了提高驱油用表面活性剂降低油水界面张力的能力,以提高原油的采收率.合成了磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂,并将其与石油磺酸盐复合,采用tx-500界面张力仪测定了复合体系降低油水界面张力的能力.研究表明:当质量分数为1%时,磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂-石油磺酸盐复合体系能降低油水界面张力至4×10-4～6×10-4 mN·m-1.磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的加入使得磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂与石油磺酸盐之间产生协同效应,提高了原油的采收率.     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

Syntheses,structure and photoluminescent properties of lanthanide oxalatosulfocarboxylate coordination polymers

Hydrothermal reactions of oxalic acid(H2ox) and 2-sulfobenzoic acid(H2L) with lanthanide oxide or hydroxide yielded five lanthanide oxalatosulfocarboxylates.They have a general formula [Ln2L2(ox)(H2O)6]n[Ln = La(1),Nd(2),Eu(3),Gd(4),Tb(5)].Their structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),infrared(IR) spectroscopy,elemental analysis(EA),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).1-5 are isostructural coordination polymers and feature one-dimensional(1D) chains,which are extended into 3D supramolecular frameworks through inter-chain hydrogen bonds between coordinated H2O donors and oxygen acceptors from carboxylate,sulfonate and oxalate groups.In addition,the solid-state photoluminescence properties of the Nd(2),Eu(3) and Tb(5) derivatives have been measured at room temperature.The Eu and Tb-containing coordination polymers(CPs) exhibit intense red and green luminescence emissions,respectively,with lifetimes in the order of millisecond.